WBls:0000705 vs WBls:0000023

Although no egg-hatching inhibition was observed, all exudates showed efficacy in inhibiting the larval exsheathment of H. contortus larvae with an EC50 varying from 0.61 to 0.26 mg P mL-1.

The lack of egg response to the perch cue could be caused by perch predation on damselfly larvae rather than on eggs.

In veterinary medicine, M. vulgare can be used as an anthelmintic against the eggs and larvae of bovine strongyles parasites, and as an antibiotic against bovine mastitis caused by resistant bacterial strains.

According to the results, abamectin and pyridaben respectively caused 18.00% and 33.50% mortality on eggs, 57.33% and 65.33% on larvae, 23.33% and 44.00% on adult females.

EE at 100 mg mL-1 completely inhibited egg laying, while the EO at 50 mg mL-1 completely inhibited larval hatching.

Controlling pests during the egg stage is critical for preventing crop damage; however, most insecticides target the larvae.

Mineral oil at 6.67 mL L-1 caused 95.4 % and 65.7 % mortality of G. molesta eggs and larvae, respectively, but also harmed T. dendrolimi (LC50 = 4.50-5.55 mL L-1), reducing parasitism and emergence by > 30 %.

The mean concentrations sufficient to prevent 50% of the eggs from hatching in the in vitro EHT and the mean concentrations in which the development of larvae to the L3 stage was inhibited by 50% in the LDT exceeded established thresholds for benzimidazoles and IVM.

The first observed effect of oxfendazole, from controlled release capsules, on resistant worms was a decrease in the percentage of eggs developing to third stage larvae.

Necropsy data from 693 horses used for critical or controlled tests, including information on total worm counts, fecal egg counts (FEC) and larval culture results collected at the University of Kentucky over a period of 50 years were analyzed.

The laboratory tests showed that the ethanol extract from flowers of the species Aster lanceolatus presented high activity against Trichostrongylidae eggs development in sheep, inhibiting larva formation by 91% within 48 hours, and maintaining similar rates after 72 hours.

The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL(-1) EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL(-1) EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%.

The oil and thymol were able to inhibit egg hatching by 96.4-100%, larval development by 90.8-100%, and larval motility by 97-100%.

Meanwhile, acetone:water extracts caused egg-hatching failure of developed larvae (larvae failing eclosion (LFE) activity).

In the egg hatch test (EHT), thymol (0.5 mg/mL) and TA (4 mg/mL) inhibited larval hatching by 98% and 67.1%, respectively.

A higher EC50 (1628.10 μg/mL) of the mixture of cinnamic acid and its analogues was required to observe activity against eggs mostly blocking the larvae hatching.

Minimum A. graveolens essential oil concentrations required to inhibit 50% (IC50) of egg hatching, larval development and larval migration were 0.006 mg/mL, 2.536 mg/mL and 3.963 mg/mL, respectively.

Both fractions were evaluated against eggs and L3 larvae at different concentrations (5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 and 0.3125 mg/mL) and 2% methanol, PBS and thiabendazole (5 mg/mL) as controls.

The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching and larval development was calculated.

The drug concentration at which 50% of the eggs were prevented from developing hatching larvae (ED50) in the in vitro EHT varied from 0.09 ± 0.01 to 15.63 ± 12.10 μg/mL thiabendazole.

The methanol extracts were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of eggs, while the acetone extracts showed efficacy in inhibiting larval exsheathment.

Heather extracts reduced egg hatching of both GIN species in a dose-dependent manner by up to 100%, while three extracts at the highest concentration (10 mg/ml) reduced larval motility to levels that were not significantly different from dead larvae controls.

Effective concentrations to inhibit 50% (EC50) and 95% (EC95) of egg hatching and larval development were calculated.

At the maximal dose, Additionally, it was observed that the AH on eggs varies according to the GIN species: on H. contortus the extracts tested blocked the formation of larvae Ovicidal Effect (% higher OE) and on T. colubriformis they blocked the appearance of L1 larvae, Larvae Failing Eclosion (% higher LFE).

Albendazole inhibited the hatching and moulting of S. ratti eggs and larvae and prevented the development in vitro of S. stercoralis first-stage larvae.

These results indicate that protocatechuic acid was more effective in inhibiting egg hatching and causing larval mortality against HcIVM-S compared to HcIVM-R.

The anthelmintic efficacy of benzimidazoles, levamisole, rafoxanide and ivermectin was evaluated on an institutional farm in Kenya using faecal egg count reduction test, larval cultures and a controlled slaughter trial.

The anthelmintic efficacy of benzimidazoles (albendazole, fenbendazole and oxfendazole), levamisole, oral ivermectin and closantel was evaluated on a farm in Kenya using faecal egg count reduction test, larval cultures and a controlled slaughter trial.

Final LD50 values (anthelmintic concentration inhibiting development of 50% of eggs into L3 infective larvae) above 0.029 microg/ml TBZ in the in vitro larval development test on samples from 11 stud farms revealed the presence of populations of small strongyles suspected of being benzimidazole-resistant.

Significant inhibition of development was caused by pyrantel (10(-9) - 10(-8) g ml(-1)) and levamisole (10(-9) - 10(-8) g ml(-1)) (Mann-Whitney U-test; ), and none of the eggs developed to first-stage larvae in higher concentrations of these anthelmintics (10(-7) g ml(-1)).

Concentrations of 0.2-1.0 mg ml-1 of the extracts of leaf, stem bark, and root bark of P. africanum completely inhibited the hatching of eggs and development of larvae.

The extracts inhibited egg hatching and development of the larvae of H. contortus in a concentration-dependent manner.

The acetone extract and fractions inhibited egg hatching and inhibited larval development and killed larvae of H. contortus in a concentration-dependent manner.

The concentration of EGEO that inhibits 50% of the eggs and larvae was 8.3 and 6.92 mg x mL(-1), respectively.

The leaves aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts inhibited 99.4% and 100% of the egg hatching and 100% of larval development at 12.5 mg/ml, respectively.

The essential oils and their constituents prevented more than 98% of the H. contortus eggs from hatching at a concentration of 1.25 mg ml(-1) and inhibited more than 90% of H. contortus larval development at a concentration of 10 mg ml(-1).

In a similar way the methanolic extract inhibited 97.4% of the egg hatching and 84.4% of larval development.

At 50.0 mg ml(-1), the ethyl acetate extract inhibited 100% of the egg hatching and 81.2% of the larval development.

Occidentale shell induced 50% egg hatch inhibition (LD50 = 0.0255 mg/mL), larval paralysis (LD50 = 0.196 mg/mL), and adult worm mortality (LD50 = 1.0365 mg/mL) at a lower concentration (LD50) compared with those of I. verum fruit and A. heterophyllus seed extracts.

The three extracts exhibited significant (P < 0.001) dose-dependent anthelmintic responses by inhibiting egg hatching and causing paralysis of larvae and mortality of worms.

Expressed sequence tag (EST) analyses of nine cDNA libraries yielded 18,832 cloned genes expressed in eggs, 18,739 in blastulae, 18,539 in gastrulae, 18,811 in larvae, 18,978 in juveniles, 11,802 in adult proboscis, 17,259 in stomochord, 11,886 in gills, and 11,580 in liver, respectively.

To evaluate the inhibitory effects of polyclonal antibodies on egg hatching and larval development, anti-rHcTPS and anti-rHcGOB antibodies were incubated separately with eggs and first-stage larvae (L1s) under controlled in vitro conditions.

The in vitro effectiveness of the Bt strains was assessed against M. incognita using a cavity block test, revealing that the Bt strains, namely Bt7 and Bt19, impeded the hatching of M. incognita eggs and were deadly to nematode larvae (J2 stage).

Both in the laboratory and in the field, the presence of parasites induced hosts to select higher body temperatures (thereby increasing rates of lungworm egg production), to defecate in moister sites, and to produce feces with higher moisture content (thereby enhancing survival of larvae shed in feces).

It is shown that treatment of C. elegans eggs or larvae prior to vulva formation with a previously identified lead compound (76) caused up to 50% reduction in the number of eggs produced from the adult worm.

The five C. elegans cct genes are expressed in all life stages (egg, four larval stages, and adult).

Tests of egg hatching (EHT) and inhibition of larval migration (LMIT) were used to assess the in vitro efficacy of TTO, nanoTTO and terp-4-ol.

The assays of R. officinalis oil showed a significant (p<0.05) 97.4% to 100% inhibition of egg hatching and a significant (p<0.05) 20% to 74% inhibition of larval migration.

The seed ethanol extract was the most active on eggs (LC50=0.36mgmL(-1)) and the leaf ethanol extract showed the best inhibition of larval development (LC50=9.18mgmL(-1)).

The in vitro effects of EsEO were determined through the egg hatching test and the inhibition of larval development of Haemonchus contortus.

In a similar way, the leaves hydro-alcoholic extract was the most active on egg inhibition (ED (50) = 1.97 and ED ( 90 ) = 5.05 mg/ml), leaves and seed aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts showed the best inhibition of larval development (ED ( 50 ) = 3.01, 2.43, 3.17, 2.40, and ED ( 90 ) = 10.53, 8.14, 11.94, and 8.19 mg/ml), respectively.

This surveillance activity made it possible to collect NWS egg masses or larvae from all 23 states in the country and to determine that the rainy season has a strong positive influence on the number of cases of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax in dogs.