Contested Claims
Evidence pair

WBbt:0003960 vs unfolded protein response variant

Anatomy·PhenotypeAnimals exhibit variations in any of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and or the mitochondria, compared to control. One such response is the increase in expression of chaperones.

Evidence summary

70 claims between these entities

66Supports
1Refutes
3Uncertain

Refuting evidence (1)

refutespositively regulates52% conf.

However, these phenotypes did not activate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.

The Juvenile Parkinson's Disease Mutation C212Y Impairs Mitochondrial Homeostasis in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model.PMID:40873184(2025)

Supporting evidence (66)

supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is dedicated to promoting mitochondrial proteostasis and is linked to extreme longevity.

The UPRmt preserves mitochondrial import to extend lifespan.PMID:35608535(2022)
supportsnegatively regulates52% conf.

Introducing mild stress by inhibiting mitochondrial translation invokes the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and increases lifespan in several animal models.

Reducing mitochondrial ribosomal gene expression does not alter metabolic health or lifespan in mice.PMID:37225705(2023)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is activated by mitochondrial stressors, including reactive oxygen species, defects in oxidative phosphorylation, and mitonuclear protein imbalance.

Treatment with mitochondrial targeting antibiotics improves survival outcomes after Flock House virus infection in young and aged Drosophila melanogaster.PMID:40585229(2025)
supportscauses52% conf.

Using exposure to chemicals, such as paraquat and tunicamycin, as well as mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR) mutants, we demonstrate that chronic stress causes abnormal movement.

C. elegans electrotaxis behavior is modulated by heat shock response and unfolded protein response signaling pathways.PMID:33542359(2021)
supportsregulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a mitochondrial-to-nuclear signaling pathway that maintains mitochondrial proteostasis, mediates signaling between tissues, and regulates organismal aging.

Folding the Mitochondrial UPR into the Integrated Stress Response.PMID:32413314(2020)
supportscauses52% conf.

Acute exposure to paraquat in N2 (wild type) causes induction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), increased expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), a dose-dependent progression from linear to fragmented mitochondria, and dose-dependent changes in longevity.

Paraquat exposure over generation affects lifespan and reproduction through mitochondrial disruption in C. elegans.PMID:33197508(2021)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a stress-activated pathway promoting mitochondrial recovery and defense against infection.

A pathogen branched-chain amino acid catabolic pathway subverts host survival by impairing energy metabolism and the mitochondrial UPR.PMID:32997715(2020)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Caenorhabditis elegans responds to mitochondrial stress by activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to buffer the mitochondrial folding environment, rewire the metabolic state, and promote innate immunity and lifespan extension.

Histone deacetylase HDA-1 modulates mitochondrial stress response and longevity.PMID:32934238(2020)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

However, the expression of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) genes, which has been shown in Caenorhabditis elegans, was not induced.

Mitochondrial translation inhibition triggers ATF4 activation, leading to integrated stress response but not to mitochondrial unfolded protein response.PMID:33165592(2020)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Accumulating studies have argued that the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a mitochondrial stress response that promotes longevity in model organisms.

Metolazone upregulates mitochondrial chaperones and extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:33216250(2021)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Recent analysis indicate that mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which enhances expression of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases to remove damaged proteins, is activated when damaged proteins accumulate in the mitochondria.

ABCB10 depletion reduces unfolded protein response in mitochondria.PMID:28315685(2017)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Previously, we determined that decreased expression of the cytosolic pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzyme transaldolase activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and extends lifespan.

Transaldolase inhibition impairs mitochondrial respiration and induces a starvation-like longevity response in Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:28355222(2017)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

We also show that C8-SA can induce both autophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmit ) in nematodes.

A salicylic acid derivative extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by activating autophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.PMID:30192051(2018)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt) pathway confers protection from misfolded and aggregated proteins by activating factors that promote protein folding and degradation.

Inactivation of Lon protease reveals a link between mitochondrial unfolded protein stress and mitochondrial translation inhibition.PMID:30518747(2018)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mitoUPR) is a stress response pathway activated by disruption of proteostasis in the mitochondria.

Mitochondrial unfolded protein response transcription factor ATFS-1 promotes longevity in a long-lived mitochondrial mutant through activation of stress response pathways.PMID:30563508(2018)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Herein, we give an overview of mitochondrial mechanisms that are activated in response to stress, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).

Mitochondrial Quality Control Mechanisms and the PHB (Prohibitin) Complex.PMID:30501123(2018)
supportsregulates52% conf.

We show that, through modulation of gene expression, the pathway regulates both mitochondrial reactive oxygen species metabolism and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.

A nuclear role for the respiratory enzyme CLK-1 in regulating mitochondrial stress responses and longevity.PMID:25961505(2015)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) is activated in response to different types and levels of stress, especially in conditions where unfolded or misfolded mitochondrial proteins accumulate and aggregate.

Mitochondria Retrograde Signaling and the UPR mt: Where Are We in Mammals?PMID:26258774(2015)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Mitochondrial dysfunction activates an unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)), a stress signaling mechanism designed to ensure mitochondrial homeostasis.

Two Conserved Histone Demethylases Regulate Mitochondrial Stress-Induced Longevity.PMID:27133168(2016)
supportsregulates52% conf.

To protect the mitochondria against damage the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) orchestrates several pathways, including the protein quality controls, the antioxidant machinery, oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Sirtuins and the Estrogen Receptor as Regulators of the Mammalian Mitochondrial UPR in Cancer and Aging.PMID:27037754(2016)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) promotes the recovery of dysfunctional mitochondria.

Mitochondrial UPR: A Double-Edged Sword.PMID:27394966(2016)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

In Caenorhabditis elegans, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) senses matrix protein misfolding and induces a program of nuclear gene expression, including mitochondrial chaperonins, to promote mitochondrial proteostasis.

Mitochondrial unfolded protein response controls matrix pre-RNA processing and translation.PMID:27350246(2016)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The increased demand on protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during bacterial infection activates the unfolded protein response (UPR).

Organismal regulation of XBP-1-mediated unfolded protein response during development and immune activation.PMID:22791024(2012)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Furthermore, we demonstrate that decreasing Tim17A attenuates TIM23-dependent protein import, promotes the induction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR)-associated proteostasis genes, and confers stress resistance in C. elegans and mammalian cells.

Stress-regulated translational attenuation adapts mitochondrial protein import through Tim17A degradation.PMID:24315374(2013)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response is a conserved pathway that allows mitochondrial chaperones and other factors to be induced in response to mitochondrial dysfunction.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response and increased longevity: cause, consequence, or correlation?PMID:24518875(2014)
supportscauses52% conf.

Several interventions that increase life span cause a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and UPRmt is also observed during normal aging, indicating hormesis.

Mitochondrial maintenance failure in aging and role of sexual dimorphism.PMID:25447815(2015)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

To identify components of the signal transduction pathway(s) mediating this mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)), we first isolated a temperature-sensitive mutation (zc32) that conditionally activates the UPR(mt) in C. elegans and subsequently searched for suppressors by systematic inactivation of genes.

Ubiquitin-like protein 5 positively regulates chaperone gene expression in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.PMID:16816413(2006)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a stress-activated pathway that mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction through the regulation of genes that promote recovery of the organelle.

A nematode-derived, mitochondrial stress signaling-regulated peptide exhibits broad antibacterial activity.PMID:34184732(2021)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an evolutionarily conserved protective transcriptional response that maintains mitochondrial proteostasis by inducing the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases in response to various stresses.

Insight into the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and cancer: opportunities and challenges.PMID:35180892(2022)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

ETC dysfunction elicits a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ) to repair damaged mitochondria in C. elegans, and activates a global adaptive programme to maintain Δψm in yeast.

Multifaceted roles of mitochondrial stress responses under ETC dysfunction - repair, destruction and pathogenesis.PMID:34918460(2022)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Dysfunction of mitochondria homeostasis induces the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), altering cellular metabolism.

NHR-80 senses the mitochondrial UPR to rewire citrate metabolism for lipid accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:35021096(2022)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a mitochondrial stress response that activates the transcriptional program of mitochondrial chaperone proteins and proteases to keep protein homeostasis in mitochondria.

Mitochondrial unfolded protein response in ischemia-reperfusion injury.PMID:36209898(2022)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Animals respond to mitochondrial perturbation by activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to induce the transcription of mitochondrial stress response genes.

Splicing factor PRP-19 regulates mitochondrial stress response.PMID:39872685(2022)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

In the P0 generation, a high rotenone concentration altered growth, mitochondrial respiration, gene expression, induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and susceptibility to dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by a chemical rechallenge later in life.

Progeny effects of rotenone exposure depend on parental toxicity.PMID:41678270(2026)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses reveal that these mutant diets induce oxidative stress and activate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).

Iron-deplete diet enhances Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan via oxidative stress response pathways.PMID:41256532(2025)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses reveal that these mutant diets induce oxidative stress and activate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).

Iron-deplete diet enhances Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan via oxidative stress response pathways.PMID:41214214(2025)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Furthermore, red light stimulated ROS production, activated AMPKα phosphorylation, and triggered downstream mitochondrial quality control (MQC) programs, including the unfolded protein response (UPRMT) and mitophagy.

Early-Life Red Light Exposure Extends Lifespan in C. elegans through ROS-AMPK-Driven Mitochondrial Reprogramming.PMID:41082294(2025)
supportsnegatively regulates52% conf.

Additionally, slc-25A26 and trmt-10C.2 RNAi inhibited 6-PPDQ caused suppression in mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR) by increasing expressions of haf-1 and clpp-1, two mitochondrial genes governing mt UPR.

Increased S-adenosyl methionine strengthens the suppression in mitochondrial unfolded protein response induced by 6-PPD quinone at environmentally relevant concentrations in Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:41072709(2025)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Here, we develop a "probiotics" screening system that identifies Escherichia coli mutants, such as ΔymcB, which protect hosts from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 infection by activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).

Probiotics-sensing mechanism in neurons that initiates gut mitochondrial surveillance for pathogen defense.PMID:39602305(2024)
supportsnegatively regulates52% conf.

Upon P. aeruginosa infection, nicotine suppressed the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) and its associated immune functions.

ACR-16/α7-nicotinic receptor signaling mediates nicotine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and suppression of host defense against gram-negative bacteria.PMID:40846258(2025)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a complex cellular process that is activated when the protein-folding capacity of the mitochondria is overwhelmed.

A bird's eye view of mitochondrial unfolded protein response in cancer: mechanisms, progression and further applications.PMID:39261452(2024)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is one of the mito-nuclear regulatory circuits that restores mitochondrial function upon stress conditions, promoting metabolic health and longevity.

Genetic mapping of lifespan and mitochondrialstress response in C. elegans.PMID:40766245(2025)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde pathway that promotes the maintenance of mitochondrial function in response to stress, plays an important role in promoting lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans1,2.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response inhibits pluripotency acquisition and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in somatic cell reprogramming.PMID:40205158(2025)
supportsregulates52% conf.

Interestingly, Sphk1 modulates mitochondrial function in that it regulates dynamics, cell growth and survival and in C. elegans, it induces activation of the unfolded protein response (UPRmt).

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response and metabolic reprogramming promote PASMC proliferation in response to sphingosine kinase-1/sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling.PMID:40661447(2025)
supportscauses52% conf.

Inhibition in both mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR) caused more severe 6-PPDQ toxicity on the mitochondrial function and lifespan.

An environmentally relevant concentration of 6-PPD quinone inhibits two types of mitophagy to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and lifespan reduction in Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:40485513(2025)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is one of the mito-nuclear regulatory circuits that restores mitochondrial function upon stress conditions, promoting metabolic health and longevity.

Genetic mapping of lifespan and mitochondrial stress response in C. elegans.PMID:40667139(2025)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Mitochondria are required for protecting host against pathogenic bacteria by activating mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).

Chlorogenic acid inhibits Pseudomonas toxin pyocyanin and activates mitochondrial UPR to protect host against pathogen infection.PMID:39953205(2025)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Mitochondrial stress, resulting from dysfunction and proteostasis disturbances, triggers the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT), which activates gene encoding chaperones and proteases to restore mitochondrial function.

PKR Mediates the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response through Double-Stranded RNA Accumulation under Mitochondrial Stress.PMID:39062980(2024)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a key component of the proteostasis network, is activated in a non-cell-autonomous manner in response to mitochondrial stress in distal tissues.

Reproductive regulation of the mitochondrial stress response in Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:38852157(2024)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Mechanistic investigations showed that L-theanine treatment enhanced the removal of mtDNA damage and extended lifespan by activating autophagy, mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in UVC-exposed nematodes.

L-Theanine Prolongs the Lifespan by Activating Multiple Molecular Pathways in Ultraviolet C-Exposed Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:38893565(2024)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Mechanistically, ECM remodeling triggers a TGF-β response to induce mitochondrial fission and the unfolded protein response of the mitochondria (UPRMT).

The extracellular matrix integrates mitochondrial homeostasis.PMID:38942015(2024)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

In Caenorhabditis elegans, silencing sams-1, the major isoform of SAMS, genetically or via dietary restriction induces a robust mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and lifespan extension.

Mitochondrial S-adenosylmethionine deficiency induces mitochondrial unfolded protein response and extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:38361361(2024)
supportsregulates52% conf.

We examine the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in C. elegans, which is regulated by a transcription factor harboring both a mitochondrial- and nuclear-targeting sequence, the integrated stress response in mammals, as well as the regulation of chromatin by mitochondrial metabolites.

Regulation of proteostasis and innate immunity via mitochondria-nuclear communication.PMID:38335010(2024)
supportsregulates52% conf.

Mitochondria play roles in the resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans against pathogenic bacteria by regulating mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).

Caffeic acid activates mitochondrial UPR to resist pathogen infection in Caenorhabditis elegans via the transcription factor ATFS-1.PMID:38294242(2024)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a form of vitamin B3 and a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) precursor, has been shown to activate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt ) and extend the lifespan when supplemented to C. elegans.

Nicotinamide riboside functions during development while beta-hydroxybutyrate functions during adulthood to extend C. elegans lifespan.PMID:37325193(2023)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

In Caenorhabditis elegans, UBL5 is induced under mitochondrial stress to mount the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR).

Ubiquitin-like protein 5 is a novel player in the UPR-PERK arm and ER stress-induced cell death.PMID:37315790(2023)
supportsnegatively regulates52% conf.

Knockdown of mitochondrial nucleoid proteins also blocked the formation of mitoSG by a mechanism distinct from the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.

Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial stress granules.PMID:37468471(2023)
supportsregulates52% conf.

We show that the genetic inhibition of mammalian ACO2 increases immunity against pathogenic bacteria by modulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and oxaloacetate levels in cultured cells.

Mitochondrial aconitase suppresses immunity by modulating oxaloacetate and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.PMID:37349299(2023)
supportsregulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a stress response pathway that regulates the expression of mitochondrial chaperones, proteases, and other proteins involved in protein folding and degradation, thereby ensuring proper mitochondrial function.

Trends in mitochondrial unfolded protein response research from 2004 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis.PMID:37035249(2023)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

We conclude that, although several ways that induce extended lifespan through mitochondrial dysfunction require a functional mitochondrial unfolded protein response, there is no clear indication that activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response is sufficient to extend lifespan, despite the fact that the mitochondrial unfolded protein response impacts almost every aspect of mitochondrial function.

Mitochondrial dysfunction, aging, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response in Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:36342845(2022)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a transcriptional adaptation that promotes mitochondrial repair to aid in cell survival during stress.

Mitochondrial recovery by the UPRmt: Insights from C. elegans.PMID:36792440(2024)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

Probio-M9 protects and repairs damaged mitochondria by activating mitochondrial unfolded protein response.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:36302976(2022)
supportspositively regulates52% conf.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an adaptive intracellular stress mechanism that responds to stress signals by promoting the transcription of genes encoding mitochondrial chaperones and proteases.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response: A multitasking giant in the fight against human diseases.PMID:35908669(2022)
supportspositively regulates51% conf.

The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has detrimental consequences for mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis and leads to the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a quality control mechanism that adjusts cellular metabolism and restores homeostasis.

Genome-wide RNAi screen for regulators of UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with defects in mitochondrial fusion.PMID:33784383(2021)
supportspositively regulates51% conf.

Due to environmental insult or innate genetic deficiency, protein folding environments of the mitochondrial matrix are prone to dysregulation, prompting the activation of a specific organellar stress-response mechanism, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT).

Dysregulation of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response Induces Non-Apoptotic Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in C. elegans Models of Parkinson's Disease.PMID:29030433(2017)
supportspositively regulates51% conf.

The mitochondrial matrix protease CLPP plays a central role in the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) in Caenorhabditis elegans Far less is known about mammalian UPR(mt) signaling, although similar roles were assumed for central players, including CLPP To better understand the mammalian UPR(mt) signaling, we deleted CLPP in hearts of DARS2-deficient animals that show robust induction of UPR(mt) due to strong dysregulation of mitochondrial translation.

Loss of CLPP alleviates mitochondrial cardiomyopathy without affecting the mammalian UPRmt.PMID:27154400(2016)

Uncertain evidence (3)

uncertainpositively regulates52% conf.

Likewise, plumbagin may act additively and/or synergistically inhibiting the mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response pathways, which prevented neuronal impairment and eye damage induced by reactive oxygen species.

Neuroprotective role of plumbagin on eye damage induced by high-sucrose diet in adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.PMID:37597318(2023)
uncertainpositively regulates52% conf.

Previous studies suggest that mitochondrial stress responses such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) or mitohormesis may play a vital role in axenic dietary restriction-induced longevity.

Life-Span Extension by Axenic Dietary Restriction Is Independent of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Mitohormesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.PMID:28329170(2017)
uncertainpositively regulates52% conf.

In C. elegans, NR rescued α-synuclein overexpression induced phenotypes likely by activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.

Nicotinamide riboside first alleviates symptoms but later downregulates dopamine metabolism in proteasome inhibition mouse model of Parkinson's disease.PMID:39108921(2024)